Stage 1: Trust (Use the blend of Loyalty OIL to aid) VS. MISTRUST
(Use the blend of inner child to support you)
The first stage of Erikson's theory of psycho social development occurs
between birth and 1 year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life.
Because an infant is utterly dependent, developing trust is based on the dependability
and quality of the child's caregivers.
At this point in development, the child is utterly dependent upon adult caregivers for
everything they need to survive including food, love, warmth, safety, and nurturing.
If a caregiver fails to provide adequate care and love, the child will come to feel that
they cannot trust or depend upon the adults in their life.
Outcomes
If a child successfully develops trust, the child will feel safe and secure in the world.
Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to
feelings of mistrust in the children under their care. Failure to develop trust will result
in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable.
During the first stage of psychosocial development, children develop a sense of trust
when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
No child is going. Erikson believed that successful development was all about striking a
balance between the two opposing sides. When this happens, children acquire hope, which
Erikson described as an openness to experience tempered by some wariness that danger may
be present.
Subsequent work by researchers including John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth demonstrated the
Stage 2: Autonomy (Hope supports) vs. Shame and Doubt
Doubt is grief Sorrow Use the oils of valor Forgiveness and
white anglecia, Trauma life to support emotional intelegents.
The second stage of Erikson's theory of psycho-social development takes place during early
childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control.
Two to three years of age.
The Role of Independence
At this point in development, children are just starting to gain a little independence.
They are starting to perform basic actions on their own and making simple decisions
about what they prefer. By allowing kids to make choices and gain control, parents and
caregivers can help children develop a sense of autonomy.
Potty Training
The essential theme of this stage is that children need to develop a sense of personal
control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Potty training plays an important
role in helping children develop this sense of autonomy.
Like Freud, Erikson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process.
However, Erikson's reasoning was quite different than that of Freud's.
Erikson believed that learning to control one's bodily functions leads to a feeling
of control and a sense of independence. Other important events include gaining
more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection.
Outcomes
Children who struggle and who are shamed for their accidents may be left without a
sense of personal control. Success during this stage of psychosocial development leads to
feelings of autonomy; failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Finding Balance
Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those
who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt. Erikson believed that
achieving a balance between autonomy and shame and doubt would lead to will,
which is the belief that children can act with intention, within reason and limits.
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Gathering Magnifies will support your purpose blend for initiative and
Present time and inner child will support your timelines reminds you
of this now not then.
5 to 10 years.
The third stage of psychosocial development takes place during the preschool years.
At this point in psychosocial development, children begin to assert their power and
control over the world through directing play and other social interactions.
Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others.
Those who fail to acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and
lack of initiative.
Outcomes
The major theme of the third stage of psychosocial development is that children need to
begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a
sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval,
resulting in a sense of guilt.
When an ideal balance of individual initiative and a willingness to work with others is
achieved, the ego quality known as purpose emerges.
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Peppermint will support become industrious.
Inferiority Discouragement lets focus on learning to be sacred so
we might want to use Sacred Mountain. Present Time and Harmony for support.
The fourth psychosocial stage takes place during the early school years from
approximately ages 5 to 11. Through social interactions, children begin to
develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities.
Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense
of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
Outcomes
Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a
feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Those who receive little or no
encouragement from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their abilities to be successful.
Successfully finding a balance at this stage of psychosocial development leads to the
strength known as competence, in which children develop a belief in their abilities
to handle the tasks set before them.
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion
Identity - My picks for this coffee break chat are Harmony, Envision,
Brain power to support you. Confusion my pick for awakening with
Clarity to support the emotional intelligent.
The fifth psychosocial stage takes place during the often-turbulent teenage years.
This stage plays an essential role in developing a sense of personal identity which
will continue to influence behavior and development for the rest of a person's life.
Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an
ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
During adolescence, children explore their independence and develop a sense of self.
Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration
will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and feelings of independence and
control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and
confused about themselves and the future.
What Is Identity? Start at the beginning of life
When psychologists talk about identity, they are referring to all of the beliefs, ideals,
and values that help shape and guide a person's behavior. Completing this stage
successfully leads to fidelity, which Erikson described as an ability to live by society's
standards and expectations.
While Erikson believed that each stage of psycho-social development was important,
he placed a particular emphasis on the development of ego identity. Ego identity is
the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction and becomes a central focus during the identity versus confusion stage of psychosocial development.
According to Erikson, our ego identity constantly changes due to new experiences and
information we acquire in our daily interactions with others.
As we have new experiences, we also take on challenges that can help or hinder the
development of identity.
Why Identity Is Important
Our personal identity gives each of us an integrated and cohesive sense of self
that endures through our lives. Our sense of personal identity is shaped by our
experiences and interactions with others, and it is this identity that helps guide
our actions, beliefs, and behaviors as we age.
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Intimacy Ylang ylang might aid you…
Joy blend Isolation is Disappointment Motivation
Spruce or orange are great support for the mind body.
Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people.
Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and
isolation. This stage covers the period of early adulthood when people are
exploring personal relationships.2
Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships
with other people. Those who are successful at this step will form
relationships that are enduring and secure.
Building On Earlier Stages
Remember that each step builds on skills learned in previous steps.
for developing intimate relationships. Studies have demonstrated that those
with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and
are more likely to struggler with emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression. Successful resolution of this stage results in the virtue known as love.
It is marked by the ability to form lasting, meaningful relationships with other people.
Stage 7: Generativity production or reproduction) vs. Stagnation
Generativity magnify your purpose might aid you.
Stagnation into the Future with peppermint would aid the body.
Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having
children or creating a positive change that benefits other people.
Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while
failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
During adulthood, we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career
and family. Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they
are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community.
Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.
Care is the virtue achieved when this stage is handled successfully.
Being proud of your accomplishments, watching your children grow into adults,
and developing a sense of unity with your life partner are important
accomplishments of this stage.
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair
Integrity one could use Frankincense to support the body. Despair sacred mountain Hope blend for support of the
emotional intellegents.
The final psychosocial stage occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life.
At this point in development, people look back on the events of their lives and determine
if they are happy with the life that they lived or if they regret the things they did or didn't do.
Erikson's theory differed from many others because it addressed development throughout
the entire lifespan, including old age. Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense
of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret,
bitterness, and despair.
At this stage, people reflect back on the events of their lives and take stock.
Those who look back on a life they feel was well-lived will feel satisfied and
ready to face the end of their lives with a sense of peace. Those who look back
and only feel regret will instead feel fearful that their lives will end without
accomplishing the things they feel they should have.
Outcomes
Those who are unsuccessful during this stage will feel that their life has been
wasted and may experience many regrets. The person will be left with feelings
of bitterness and despair.
Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity.
Successfully completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a
general feeling of satisfaction. These individuals will attain wisdom, even
when confronting death.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Erikson's Theory
Erikson's theory also has its limitations and attracts valid criticisms.
What kinds of experiences are necessary to successfully complete each stage?
How does a person move from one stage to the next?
Criticism
One major weakness of psychosocial theory is that the exact mechanisms
for resolving conflicts and moving from one stage to the next are not well
described or developed. The theory fails to detail exactly what type of experiences
are necessary at each stage in order to successfully resolve the conflicts and
move to the next stage.
Support
One of the strengths of psychosocial theory is that it provides a broad framework
from which to view development throughout the entire lifespan. It also allows us to
emphasize the social nature of human beings and the important influence that social
relationships have on development.
Researchers have found evidence supporting Erikson's ideas about identity and
have further identified different sub-stages of identity formation.
Some research also suggests that people who form strong personal identities
during adolescence are better capable of forming intimate relationships during early
adulthood. Other research suggests, however, that identity formation and development
continue well into adulthood.

Why Was Erikson's Theory Important?
The theory was significant because it addressed development throughout a person's life,
not just during childhood. It also stressed the importance of social relationships in shaping
personality and growth at each point in development.
It is important to remember that the psychosocial stages are just one theory of
theoretical framework, but that does not mean that every aspect of the theory is
supported by evidence. The theory can, however, be a helpful way to think about some
of the different conflicts and challenges that people may face as they go through life.
It is also easy to look at each stage of Erikson's theory and consider how it can apply to your life.
Learning about each stage can provide insight into what you might face as you age. It can also
help you reflect on things that may have happened in the past and help you see ways you
might be able to improve your coping skills to better deal with today's challenges.
Research:
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